Influence of U.S. Cryptologic Organizations on the digital computer industry

نویسنده

Samuel S. Snyder

چکیده

An unfortunate aspect of historical accounts of computer lore in open sources is the omission conspicuously to some of us of mention of the U.S. cryptologic organizations, or ofthe contributions by these organizations which helped in laying the foundation of the computer industry. NSA, and other cryptologic organizations, have been required over the years to observe a policy of anonymity, and with good reason. But in the age of maturing appreciation of the role of computers in nearly all civilized endeavors, it is time to acknowledge, for the first time, their outstanding contributions to the computer industry. The reader will notice the absence of remarks concerning software efforts by cryptologic organizations. While this side of their operations received its proper share of support, space restrictions preclude its inclusion in this article. Also, the Army and Navy cryptologic services have frequently changed organizational titles throughout the years. Therefore, to avoid confusion in this article, they are, previous to 1945, referred to as "Army," "Navy," "service cryptologic organizations," and the like. Too, NSA's predecessor organization, AFSA, was established in 1949, and NSA in 1952. Consequently, references to "NSA" and "Agency" are, on occasion, used interchangeably, the particular agency referred to depending upon the time period being discussed.

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